Page 6 - Presidential Profiles

?C The Sentinel-Record, Monday, Month 00, 2008
The Sentinel-Record, Sunday, February 16, 2020
Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas
Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas
PRESIDENTIALPROFILES | TAYLOR
ZACHARY TAYLOR 12th President, First Man Elected Without Prior Political Office
A career officer in the U.S. Army, Taylor rode his victories in the Mexican-American War and subsequent popularity to the White House. He took office as simmering tensions over slavery threatened to explode into the Civil War, but with just 16 months in office before he died, Taylor didn’t have much time to resolve the issue.
EARLY LIFE
Taylor was born into a family of slave-holding planters that trekked west from his birthplace of Virginia to Louisville, Kentucky. His education was spotty, as Kentucky was the frontier, but he did receive the basics of reading and writing. In 1810, Taylor married Margaret Mackall Smith. The couple had six children, Ann Mackall Taylor, Sara Knox Taylor, Octavia Pannell Taylor, Margaret Smith Taylor, Mary Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Scott Taylor.
MILITARY CAREER
Taylor joined the Army in 1808 as a first lieutenant following the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, which inflamed tensions between the U.S. and Britain, and also served in the Territory of Orleans. He went on to serve in the War of 1812, and moved his family to Louisiana before serving in the Black Hawk War and the Second Seminole War, where he earned the nickname “Old Rough and Ready.” Taylor was made commander of the Second Department of the Army’s Western Division in May 1841, overseeing terri- tory west of the Mississippi and south of the 37th parallel north.
Taylor was ordered to a prize post in 1844 — defending the newly annexed Texas territory from attack. When hostil- ities commenced in 1846, Taylor defeat-
PUBLIC DOMAIN
ed the Mexican army at the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma. He was promoted to major gen- eral, then marched out in captured the Mexican city of Monterrey. He then won the Battle of Buena Vista in 1847, despite being enormously outnum- bered by Mexican forces.
ELECTION AND PRESIDENCY
Despite some wavering and an inde- pendent streak, Taylor eventually declared himself a Whig candidate in the 1848 election. Broadly, he was a
nationalist who favored a strong bank- ing system and low tariffs and, of course, he owned slaves.
After his election, Taylor appointed his cabinet geographically, intending to reflect the diverse views of the country, but he avoided choosing any Democrats or any prominent Whigs. He was imme- diately faced with the question of how to divide up the immense Western terri- tory won in the Mexican-American War, and whether to admit it was states or territories, and, most importantly, whether slavery would be allowed there. Tensions flared as Henry Clay and Daniel Webster proposed the Compromise of 1850, which would allow California to join the Union as a state to decide slavery for itself while other territories would remain under federal control. Slave trade would be banned in the District of Columbia though slavery would still be legal there, and a strict fugitive slave law would be enacted.
DEATH
Before the compromise reached Taylor’s desk, however, he died on July 9, 1850, from an unknown intestinal ail- ment. On July 4, the president had eaten lots of raw fruit and iced milk, which many believed contributed to his death at age 65. He was buried in Louisville, Kentucky.